11/10/2023 0 Comments How to plot vowels in praat![]() ![]() This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting information files.įunding: This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) in cooperation with The Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education - Sweden (STINT), Finance Code 88887.308270/2018-00, and in part by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - Brasil (CNPq), Finance code 140364/2017-0.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Received: JAccepted: JanuPublished: February 18, 2021Ĭopyright: © 2021 Cavalcanti et al. Although identical twins displayed a higher phonetic similarity, they were not found phonetically identical.Ĭitation: Cavalcanti JC, Eriksson A, Barbosa PA (2021) Acoustic analysis of vowel formant frequencies in genetically-related and non-genetically related speakers with implications for forensic speaker comparison. Moreover, stressed vowels displayed a higher inter-speaker discrimination than unstressed vowels in both groups however, the combination of stressed and unstressed vowels was found even more explanatory in terms of the observed differences. Regarding vowel quality, the central vowel /a/ was found to be the most speaker-discriminatory segment, followed by front vowels. As for non-genetically related speakers, both F3 and F4 displayed a similar high discriminatory potential. Among all formants, F4 seemed to display the highest discriminatory potential within identical twin pairs, followed by F3. The results revealed consistent patterns regarding the comparison of low-frequency and high-frequency formants in twin pairs and non-genetically related speakers, with high-frequency formants displaying a greater speaker-discriminatory power compared to low-frequency formants. Comparisons within identical twin pairs using the Bark scale were performed to verify whether the measured differences would be potentially significant when following a psychoacoustic criterion. Formant values were represented in both Hertz and Bark. F1-F4 formant estimates were automatically extracted from the middle points of each labeled vowel. As for comparisons, stressed and unstressed oral vowels of BP were segmented and transcribed manually in the Praat software. The subjects were 20 male adult speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), aged between 19 and 35. The recordings comprise telephone conversations between identical twin pairs while being directly recorded through high-quality microphones. Acoustic extraction and analysis of the first four speech formants F1-F4 were carried out using spontaneous speech materials. The influences of lexical stress and the vowels’ acoustic distances on the discriminatory patterns of formant frequencies were also assessed. The purpose of this study was to explore the speaker-discriminatory potential of vowel formant mean frequencies in comparisons of identical twin pairs and non-genetically related speakers. ![]()
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